The present study investigates the association between mental health problems and criminal behavior among adolescents in Sweden. Community crime prevention in a Swedish context is also discussed. Every two years, pupils from schools in Stockholm answer the Stockholm School Survey with questions and statements about their social situation, alcohol and drug use, attitudes, school climate, school grades and criminal behavior. Data collected from pupils who answered the survey in 2014, 2018 and 2020 form the basis of this study. A significant (...) association between mental health problems and criminal behavior was shown, even after controlling for factors suggested in international literature. Mental health problems were shown to be a strong explanation for criminal behavior among adolescents. (shrink)

The aim of this research is to examine the relationships between authenticity, subjective happiness, and life satisfaction. The participants were 347 university students. In this study, the Authenticity Scale, the Subjective Happiness Scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale were used. The relationships between authenticity, subjective happiness and life satisfaction were examined using correlation analysis and Structural Equation Model. In correlation analysis, authentic living was found positively related to subjective happiness. On the other hand, self-alienation, accepting external influence was found negatively (...) correlated to subjective happiness. Besides subjective happiness and life satisfaction have positive relation. Structural Equation Model showed that self-alienation, accepting external influence results in a decrease subjective happiness on life satisfaction whereas rise in authentic living lead to subjective happiness, so subjective happiness also brings life satisfaction. According to standardized beta coefficients, the most significant predictor of subjective happiness was self-alienation. Results were discussed in the light of the related literature. (shrink)

This article analyses the first 20 years of the journal Philosophyof Management to provide insight into how the journal has developed and delineated the field of philosophy of management. Our content analysis uses an inductively developed combination of thematic and frequency analysis. We present our findings in a descriptive tone, inviting scholars to reflect upon how the journal has shaped the field over the past two decades, and to trigger a discussion on a more deliberately inclusive future shaping of the (...) field. (shrink)

There is no consensus over the proper definition of ‘scientific misconduct.’ There are differences in opinion not only between countries but also between research institutions in the same country. This is unfortunate. Without a widely accepted definition it is difficult for scientists to adjust to new research milieux. This might hamper scientific innovation and make cooperation difficult. Furthermore, due to the potentially damaging consequences it is important to combat misconduct. But how frequent is it and what measures are efficient? Without (...) an appropriate definition there are no interesting answers to these questions. In order to achieve a high degree of consensus and to foster research integrity, the international dialogue over the proper definition of ‘scientific misconduct’ must be on going. Yet, the scientific community should not end up with the definition suggested by the Swedish Research Council. The definition the council advocates does not satisfy the ordinary language condition. That is, the definition is not consistent with how ‘scientific misconduct’ is used by scientists. I will show that this is due to the fact that it refers to false results. I generalise this and argue that no adequate definition of ‘scientific misconduct’ makes such a reference. (shrink)

Notch signaling plays an essential role in the processes of embryogenesis and cellular differentiation, and it is believed that the oncogenic effects of dysregulated Notch signaling are an anomalous reflection of the normal functions of this cascade. Nonetheless, the cellular events associated with oncogenic Notch signaling have thus far remained elusive. In a recent report, Ferres‐Marco et al.1 described how they used the Drosphila eye as a model system and found that elevated Notch signaling in combination with activation of components (...) of the Polycomb complex of transcriptional repressors led to metastatic growth of tumors through epigenetic silencing of the Rbf gene. Rbf is the Drosophila homologue of the retinoblastoma tumor‐suppressor gene (Rb), thus it represents a novel link between Notch signaling, tumor growth and metastasis. BioEssays 28: 692–695, 2006. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)

In the first of these two studies it is argued that the discrepancy between the predicted and actual outcome of the Michelson-Morley experiment is due to the use of Newton's velocity addition theorem in conjunction with an electromagnetic theory of light. The ether hypothesis is not directly affected at all. The second study is a case study of the removal of a clash in physics generated from the outcome of an experiment. The clash due to the Michelson-Morley experiment gave rise (...) to a program of revision. In the process of implementation of this program Newtonian mechanics was remolded. It is argued that the Riemannian space-time in Einstein's general theory of relativity may be regarded as a successor of the classical ether. (shrink)

Summary Research is regarded as transformations of complexes composed of knowledge, problems and (hardware and software) instruments. Sequences of such transformations are embedded in human settings in which they are given directions. Problems and the work of solving them are divided into empirical and theoretical ones. In an advanced science like physics empirical and theoretical work are interrelated by means of flows of problem-generating information. Empirical and theoretical researchers work also on problems of their own making. Residuals of knowledge which (...) cannot be systematized at the same rate as it is produced as well as clashes between new and old knowledge are potential starting points of new lines of research. (shrink)

Inspired by Koselleck’s approach to conceptual history, this essay presents a semantic analysis of management. Our inquiry into what management is, focuses on lingual and cognitive wholes of meaning and signification. The essay undertakes a periodization of management history, in an attempt to formulate expectations for a dystopian future management by artificial intelligence. Five periods are distinguished. Each period entails a specific characterisation for three questions: what is the activity of managing, what or who is managed, and who manages? Starting (...) from managing-by-hand, successive differentiation of meaning occurs with regard to different elements of the management relationship (object, activity, agent), followed by a rescaling of the whole relationship into an attitude that can be applied anywhere by anyone. The implication is a dissociation between manager and decision-maker. The essay also speculates how plausible this evolution makes non-human managers (i.e. artificial intelligence). Throughout these five periods, hierarchy is an immanent feature of management. For each period, the essay discusses differentiated meaning, corresponding social reality and characterizes its hierarchy and justification. (shrink)

The article shows how merit has been used to highlight pensioners as a special population in the claims-making activities of the senior rights movement in Sweden, as well as in debates about issues concerning old age. Simply put, merit refers to the claim that pensioners have built the society and they are entitled to special treatment – for instance welfare, reverence – for this reason. Merit is concluded to be a rhetorical tool with the potential of countering images of older (...) people as a burden to the young. It portrays seniors as a population worthy of welfare and reverence. Social movements that emphasize merit among seniors will however risk isolation, since such claims to some extent have become associated with populist attacks on immigrants, politicians and other groups labeled as non-merited. (shrink)

Siyasal sistemler, kitlelerin duyguları ile bilgilerini mobilize etmek, etkilemek ve yönlendirmek için çeşitli yol ve yöntemlere başvurur. Bunların belki de en etkilisi renk sembolizmidir. Zira renkler, hafızada kalıcı iz bırakan ve anlam zenginliği olan kültür sembolleridir. Bu sebeple bazen bir bayrakta, bazen bir afişte, bazen de bir sloganda siyasi bir araç olarak kullanılmaktadır. Hâl böyle olunca siyaset alanında gerçek niteliklerinden uzaklaşan renkler, simgesel anlam ve işlevler kazanmaktadır. Bu yolla siyasiler ile halk arasında hem hızlı bir iletişim hem de güçlü bir (...) dayanışma sağlanabilmektedir. Bu yüzden siyasiler, ideolojik söylemlerini güçlü kılmak adına deyim, özlü söz, vecize gibi dilin söz varlıklarından faydalanmaktadır. Söz konusu ifadelerde geçen renklerin (siyah, beyaz ve kırmızı vb.) siyasi ideoloji ve kavramların yerini tuttukları varsayılmaktadır. Buradan hareketle bu çalışmada, Sovyetlerden beri Rus siyasetinde gelişen sosyo-politik olaylarda sembol değer olarak kullanılan renkler analiz edilmiştir. Bu incelemede siyaset dilinde zikredilen ve aynı zamanda medya ve halkın diline yansıyan “renkli” ifadelere başvurulmuştur. Bu siyasi söylemlerin betimsel yöntemle tanımları yapılmış, renklerin taşıdıkları metaforik ile metonimik anlamları belirlenmiş ve kullanım alanları örneklerle gösterilmiştir. Böylelikle, Rus siyasetinde renklerin anlam, imaj ve fonksiyonları belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. İnceleme neticesinde, beyazın geçtiğimiz asrın başında demokrasinin, düzenin ve meşrutiyetin simgesi; günümüzde ise hükümet karşıtı sergilenen yasadışı eylemlerin sembol ifadesi olduğu saptanmıştır. Sovyetler zamanında direnişin, isyanın, devrimin simgesi kızıl renk iken eski Sovyet coğrafyasında batı destekli gerçekleşen devrim hareketlerinde kızılın yerini turuncuya bıraktığı anlaşılmıştır. Çarlık rejimi yanlısı ve devrim karşıtı Ortodoks, muhafazakâr, milliyetçi örgütlerin temsil renginin ise siyah olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda ise araştırmadan elde edilen bilgi ve bulgular derlenerek kısaca değerlendirilmiştir. (shrink)

Technological developments in recent years have brought about a rapid increase in the number and variety of organ transplants, leading to problems in finding enough organs to meet the need. Organ transplantation has also become a particularly significant issue in medical ethics, especially regarding the question of how and from whom organs are procured. Many methods have been tried in order to solve these problems and discussed from an ethical perspective. This study investigates the Spanish, Belgian and Iranian approaches to (...) solving the organ procurement problem. The Spanish model, which is based on persuading patients and their relatives, is ethically less problematic and is also an improved version of the model applied in Turkey. This study argues that an ideal solution can be found without disregarding ethical rules. In particular, nurses can contribute by helping to run the system more efficiently. The principal aim of this article is to demonstrate the contribution of nurses to solving the current organ procurement problem in Turkey and offer some reflections on what can be done to improve the efficiency of the system. (shrink)

Aldo Leopold, the modern father of ethical holism, embraced the moral principle that the deontic status of an action is determined by its effect on the integrity, stability, and beauty of the bioti...